{"id":901,"date":"2019-11-15T20:36:37","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T18:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/?p=901"},"modified":"2024-03-28T12:09:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T10:09:57","slug":"john-cage-und-michael-bach-bachtischa-one13-for-cello-and-prerecorded-media-1992","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/john-cage-und-michael-bach-bachtischa-one13-for-cello-and-prerecorded-media-1992\/","title":{"rendered":"John Cage und Michael Bach Bachtischa, ONE13 for Cello and Prerecorded Media (1992)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-903\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13-Cover--300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"832\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13-Cover--300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13-Cover--768x564.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13-Cover--1024x752.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13-Cover--624x458.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/08\/Britain.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"38\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Michael Bach Bachtischa<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><strong>RYOANJI<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/strong><em><strong>ONE13<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The five individual compositions of the 1980s\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0series for voice, oboe, flute, trombone and double bass by John Cage have eight different intervals as pitch spaces, within which glissando lines are performed.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0for cello and curved bow only eight pitches follow each other: f#&#8217;, g&#8221;, g&#8221;, f&#8221;, d&#8217;, d&#8221;, a&#8217;, eb&#8221;. The piece consists therefore of eight parts, each of \u00a0them is devoted to one single pitch and its reiterations.<\/p>\n<p><em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0have the same formal structure: eight sections and four parts. In a performance, one part is played live, while the three other parts, \u00a0recorded by the same soloist beforehand, are played back over loudspeakers which are distributed in space.<br \/>\nThe fundamental difference between\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0thus lies in the fact that single pitches instead of glissando lines (within the interval delimitations) \u00a0are notated.<\/p>\n<p>The metamorphosis from\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0to\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0occurred during a collaboration between John Cage and myself in July 1992 in New York City. In determining a total \u00a0of eight intervals for a planned version of\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0for cello a chance operation produced the result, that the third interval should be a unison prime, the interval f#&#8217; &#8211;\u00a0f#&#8217;. John Cage had not anticipated a unison prime, virtually a zero-interval, \u00a0as the result of the chance operation and wanted to pass it over as useless and simply ignore it.<\/p>\n<p>That unpredictable prime created through chance immediately cast its spell over me. In the two following days I had the opportunity then to convince John Cage of this chance result by demonstrating to him twenty different \u00a0and multiphonic f#&#8217; sounds on the cello (Examples 2 and 3). This multitude of sounds is made possible with the curved bow, with which all strings of the cello can sound simultaneously, and through the extensive use of harmonics, for which I had already \u00a0developed a number of novel performance techniques.<\/p>\n<p>When listening to these twenty different f#&#8217; sounds, it becomes clear that there are both subtle differentiations in the timbre and in the pitches, for the use of partials implicates by definition a microtonal understanding \u00a0of pitches, whereby equal temperament is given up. Each individual pitch of the unison sound &#8211;\u00a0this is most clearly evident in the case of partials &#8211;\u00a0is derived from its own initial pitch, the fundamental. For instance the f#&#8217; can be the second partial \u00a0of f#, the third partial of b, the fourth partial of f# and the fifth partial of d. Unexpectedly from a unison an ambiguous multiphonic sound develops, which increasingly gains in complexity, the more complicated the derivation of its individual pitches is.<\/p>\n<p>This unusual interpretation of the unison prime phenomenon, which challenges the identity of the pitches, of which it consists, and corresponds in a sense to a traditional question of the Ryoan-ji stone garden in Kyoto: Why \u00a0is it that &#8220;one&#8221; of a total of fifteen rocks always remains invisible to the human eye, no matter from which position on the visitor&#8217;s stand the rock garden is viewed? The question of the Ryoan-ji about the invisible, but existing rock leads to the statement, \u00a0that sensory impression and reality are not congruent, that the apperception of reality succeeds only partially and in an incomplete way. The question leads so to speak, first to an obvious answer, to the fourth dimension, time, because the viewer will \u00a0have to change his location to ever see all the rocks. So &#8220;movement&#8221; would be an answer, which is paradoxically and at first glance not suggested by the rigid mineral composition of the rock field.<\/p>\n<p><em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0shows a similar case. In the unison prime one pitch overlies and covers up the other. The superficial fact, that only one single pitch sounds, suggests a \u00a0static listening experience. This litany-like insisting on a supposedly unchanging pitch is at the same time the gate to new discoveries, because it requires virtually a mental liberation from this pitch to become aware of those movements, which occur \u00a0inside these unison prime sounds.<\/p>\n<p>The crucial link between\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0is my drawing\u00a0<em>18-7-92<\/em>\u00a0(<em>Sketches for Ryoanji<\/em>), which has the date [7\/18\/92] of its genesis as its \u00a0title (Ex.1), because it captures and illustrates exactly,\u00a0<em>in statu nascendi<\/em>, the transforming moment of the thematic orientation toward the unison prime. Further the unison prime f#&#8217; in\u00a0<em>18-7-92<\/em>\u00a0is the key issue, where the visual perception \u00a0of the work becomes an acoustic one. The visual superimposition of the two f#&#8217; note heads (two f#&#8217; notes should really be juxtaposed) is also an acoustic overlapping, for which the word &#8220;interpenetration&#8221; is more indicative. Sound waves of the simultaneously \u00a0sounding pitches do not cover each other up, but instead interfere with each other, &#8211;\u00a0and in this respect the one f#&#8217; always remains present beside the other one. This insight, which is based on an exploring kind of listening led directly to the working \u00a0out of the unison prime variants on the cello, the twenty different f#&#8217; sounds.<br \/>\nIn\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0this reformed understanding of the unison prime f#&#8217; is equally transferred to other pitches. On 20 July 1992, John Cage told me that he wanted to transfer \u00a0the unison prime idea, which now also fascinated him, to further pitches, with the words: &#8221; &#8230; and this will be\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The contexts, which have been partly shown here offer sufficient enough motives for me to agree with the suggestion of The John Cage Trust and C. F. Peters Corporation New York to publish\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0now under both of our names. Thanks especially to Merce Cunningham, who sent me copies of John Cage&#8217;s manuscript pages of\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0in October 1992, and to Don Gillespie, who since John Cage&#8217;s death never lost sight of the plan to publish\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0in this form.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Sabine Feisst<\/p>\n<p>*) The octave designation corresponds to the one used in\u00a0<em>The New Harvard Dictionary of Music<\/em>\u00a0and in the older Helmholtz system, where c&#8217; is the middle C.<\/p>\n<p>**) Michael Bach,\u00a0<em>Fingerboards &amp; Overtones<\/em>, Munich 1991.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-906\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13_Publication_Notice-227x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"697\" height=\"921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13_Publication_Notice-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13_Publication_Notice-768x1015.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13_Publication_Notice-775x1024.jpg 775w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13_Publication_Notice-624x825.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/ONE13_Publication_Notice.jpg 941w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-40\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/08\/Germany.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"38\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Michael Bach Bachtischa<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><strong>RYOANJI<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u00a0und\u00a0<\/strong><em><strong>ONE13<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nDie f\u00fcnf Einzelkompositionen der Werkreihe\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0f\u00fcr Stimme, Oboe, Fl\u00f6te, Posaune und Kontraba\u00df von John Cage aus den 80er Jahren haben acht unterschiedliche Intervalle als Tonr\u00e4ume, innerhalb derer \u00a0Glissandolinien ausgef\u00fchrt werden.<em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\nIn\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0f\u00fcr Cello und Rundbogen folgen lediglich acht Tonh\u00f6hen aufeinander: fis1, g2, g2, f2, d1, d2, a1, es2. Das St\u00fcck besteht folglich aus acht Teilen, \u00a0wovon jeder einer einzigen Tonh\u00f6he und dessen Wiederholungen gewidmet ist.<\/p>\n<p><em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0und\u00a0<em>ONE 13\u00a0<\/em>haben den gleichen formalen Aufbau: acht Teile und vier Stimmen. Bei einer Auff\u00fchrung wird eine Stimme live gespielt, w\u00e4hrenddessen \u00a0die anderen drei Stimmen, vom selben Solisten voraufgenommen, \u00fcber Lautsprecher, im Raum verteilt, wiedergegeben werden.<\/p>\n<p>Der grunds\u00e4tzliche Unterschied zwischen\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0und\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0besteht demnach darin, da\u00df anstelle von Glissandolinien (innerhalb der Intervall-Abgrenzungen) \u00a0einzelne Tonh\u00f6hen notiert sind.<\/p>\n<p>Die Metamorphose von\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0zu\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0vollzog sich w\u00e4hrend einer Zusammenarbeit von John Cage und mir im Juli 1992 in New York. Bei der Ermittlung der \u00a0insgesamt acht Intervalle f\u00fcr eine geplante Version von\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0f\u00fcr Cello ergab die Zufallsoperation, da\u00df das dritte Intervall eine Prim, das Intervall fis1 &#8211;\u00a0fis1 sein sollte. John Cage hatte eine Prim, also quasi ein Null-Intervall, \u00a0als Zufallsergebnis nicht antizipiert und wollte es als unbrauchbar, einfach unbeachtet, \u00fcbergehen.<\/p>\n<p>Jene unvorhergesehene, durch den Zufall erschaffene Prim, zog mich sofort in ihren Bann. In den beiden Folgetagen hatte ich nunmehr Gelegenheit, John Cage von diesem Ergebnis des Zufalls zu \u00fcberzeugen, indem ich ihm 20 verschiedene und mehrstimmige fis1-Kl\u00e4nge am Cello vorf\u00fchrte (Abb.2 und 3). Diese Vielzahl wird erm\u00f6glicht mit dem Rundbogen, der alle Saiten des Cellos zugleich erklingen lassen kann, sowie durch die extensive Verwendung von Obert\u00f6nen, f\u00fcr \u00a0die ich eine Reihe von neuartigen Spieltechniken bereits entwickelt hatte.*)<\/p>\n<p>Beim H\u00f6ren dieser 20 unterschiedlichen fis1-Kl\u00e4nge wird deutlich, da\u00df sowohl feine Differenzierungen in den Klangfarben, als auch in den Tonh\u00f6hen bestehen. Denn die Verwendung von Partialt\u00f6nen impliziert per \u00a0definitionem ein mikrotonales Verst\u00e4ndnis von Tonh\u00f6hen, wobei die temperierte Stimmung aufgegeben wird. Jeder einzelne Ton des Unisono-Klangs &#8211;\u00a0am deutlichsten zeigt sich das bei Partialt\u00f6nen &#8211;\u00a0leitet sich von einem ihm eigenen Ausgangston, dem \u00a0Grundton ab. So kann z.B. das fis1 der 2. Partialton von fis, der 3. Partialton von H, der 4. Partialton von Fis und der 5. Partialton von D sein. Unversehens hat sich aus einem Einklang ein vieldeutiger Mehrklang gebildet, der zunehmend an Komplexit\u00e4t \u00a0gewinnt, je komplizierter die Herleitung seiner Einzelt\u00f6ne sich gestaltet.<\/p>\n<p>Diese ungew\u00f6hnliche Deutung des Ph\u00e4nomenon Prim, die die Identit\u00e4t der T\u00f6ne, aus denen sie sich konstituiert, hinterfragt, entpricht in gewisser Weise einer traditionellen Fragestellung des Ryoan-ji Steingartens \u00a0in Kyoto: Warum bleibt immer \u201eein\u201d Stein von insgesamt 15 Steinfelsen, egal von welchem Standpunkt auf der Besuchertrib\u00fcne aus der Steingarten betrachtet wird, dem menschlichen Auge verborgen? Die Frage des Ryoan-ji nach dem nicht sichtbaren, \u00a0aber vorhandenen Stein mutiert zu einer Aussage, da\u00df Sinneseindruck und Wirklichkeit nicht kongruent sind, da\u00df die Apperzeption der Realit\u00e4t nur ausschnittsweise und unvollkommen gelingt. Die Frage f\u00fchrt gewisserma\u00dfen, in einer ersten n\u00e4herliegenden \u00a0Antwort, zur vierten Dimension, der Zeit, weil der Betrachter seinen Standort wechseln mu\u00df, um aller Steine jemals ansichtig zu werden. Eine Antwort w\u00e4re also \u201eBewegung\u201d, die, paradoxerweise, durch die starre mineralische Komposition \u00a0des Steinfelds vordergr\u00fcndig nicht nahegelegt wird.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c4hnlich verh\u00e4lt es sich bei\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>. In der Prim \u00fcberlagert und verdeckt ein Ton den anderen. Die vordergr\u00fcndige Tatsache, da\u00df nur eine einzige Tonh\u00f6he \u00a0erklingt, suggeriert ein statisches H\u00f6rerlebnis. Dieses litaneihafte Insistieren auf einer vermeintlich unver\u00e4nderten Tonh\u00f6he ist zugleich die Pforte zu neuen Entdeckungen, denn es erfordert geradezu eine mentale Befreiung von dieser Tonh\u00f6he, \u00a0um derjenigen Bewegung gewahr zu werden, die sich im Innern dieser Prim-Kl\u00e4nge ereignet.<\/p>\n<p>Das entscheidende Bindeglied zwischen\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0und\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0ist meine Zeichnung\u00a0<em>18-7-92 (Aufzeichnungen zu Ryoanji)<\/em>, die das Datum ihres Entstehens \u00a0als Werktitel tr\u00e4gt (Abb.1), weil sie exakt, in statu nascendi, den transformierenden Augenblick der thematischen Ausrichtung auf die Prim festh\u00e4lt und veranschaulicht. Des weiteren ist die Prim fis1 in\u00a0<em>18-7-92<\/em>\u00a0der Angelpunkt, wo die visuelle \u00a0Perzeption des Werks in eine akustische umschl\u00e4gt. Die visuelle \u00dcberdeckung der beiden fis1-Notenk\u00f6pfe (eigentlich m\u00fc\u00dften zwei fis1-Noten nebeneinander stehen) ist gleicherma\u00dfen ein akustisches \u00dcberlappen, wof\u00fcr jedoch die Bezeichnung \u00a0\u201egegenseitige Durchdringung\u201d charakteristischer ist. Schallwellen gleichzeitig erklingender T\u00f6ne verdecken sich nicht, sie interferieren, &#8211;\u00a0und insofern bleibt neben dem einen fis1 das andere immer pr\u00e4sent. Diese Einsicht, die auf einem forschenden Hinein-h\u00f6ren beruht, f\u00fchrte unmittelbar zur Ausarbeitung der Prim-Varianten am Cello, die 20 verschiedenen fis1-Kl\u00e4nge.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<em>ONE 13\u00a0<\/em>wird dieses reformierte Verst\u00e4ndnis der Prim fis1 auf andere Tonh\u00f6hen gleicherma\u00dfen \u00fcbertragen. Am 20. Juli 1992 teilte mir John Cage mit, \u00a0da\u00df er die, ihn jetzt ebenso faszinierende, Prim-Thematik auf weitere Tonh\u00f6hen ausdehnen wolle, mit den Worten: \u201e \u2026 and this will be\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u201d **).<\/p>\n<p>Die hier stellenweise aufgezeigten Zusammenh\u00e4nge sind f\u00fcr mich Beweggr\u00fcnde genug, dem Vorschlag des The John Cage Trust und der C.F. Peters Corporation New York zuzustimmen, und\u00a0<em>ONE 13 ,<\/em>\u00a0nun unter unserer beider Namen, zu ver\u00f6ffentlichen. Ich danke insbesondere Merce Cunningham, der mir Kopien von John Cages Manuskriptseiten zu\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0im Oktober 1992 zusandte und Don Gillespie, der seit John Cages Tod das Vorhaben,\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0in dieser Form zu ver\u00f6ffentlichen, nie aus dem Blick verlor.<\/p>\n<p>*) Michael Bach,\u00a0<em>Fingerboards &amp; Overtones<\/em>, M\u00fcnchen 1991.<\/p>\n<p>**) \u201e&#8230; und das wird\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0sein.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-908\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/Cage-fis-FAX-Stuttgart-1992-08-03-Kopie-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/Cage-fis-FAX-Stuttgart-1992-08-03-Kopie-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/Cage-fis-FAX-Stuttgart-1992-08-03-Kopie-745x1024.jpg 745w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">John Cage, f sharp, Fax an Michael Bach 03. August 1992<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-42\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/08\/France.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"38\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Michael Bach Bachtischa<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><strong>RYOANJI<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/strong><em><strong>ONE13<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 80, John Cage composa les cinq pi\u00e8ces individuelles qui constituent le cycle\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0pour voix, hautbois, fl\u00fbte, trombone et contrebasse. Ces pi\u00e8ces sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par l&#8217;emploi de huit intervalles diff\u00e9rents qui constituent autant d&#8217;espaces sonores \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur desquels sont ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s des traits de glissando.<\/p>\n<p>Dans\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0pour violoncelle \u00a0avec archet courbe, les notes suivantes apparaissent successivement: fa#3, sol4, sol4, fa4, r\u00e93, r\u00e94, la3, mi b\u00e9mol4. La pi\u00e8ce est ainsi divis\u00e9e en huit sections, chacune consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 une seule note et \u00e0 ses avatars.<\/p>\n<p><em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0et\u00a0<em>ONE 13\u00a0<\/em>poss\u00e8dent la m\u00eame structure formelle, \u00e0 savoir huit sections et quatre voix. Lors d&#8217;une ex\u00e9cution publique, l&#8217;une des quatre voix est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e &#8220;live&#8221; \u00a0alors que les trois autres, pr\u00e9-enregistr\u00e9es par le soliste, sont restitu\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des haut-parleurs distribu\u00e9s dans l&#8217;espace.<\/p>\n<p>Dans\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0la notation consiste en des lignes de glissando inscrites \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur des limites intervallaires, tandis que dans\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0ce sont des sons individuels qui sont not\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9tamorphose de\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0en\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0s&#8217;accomplit durant ma collaboration avec John Cage en juillet 1992, \u00e0 New York. Alors que nous proc\u00e9dions \u00e0 l&#8217;op\u00e9ration de d\u00e9termination al\u00e9atoire des huit intervalles en vue d&#8217;une version de\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0pour violoncelle, le hasard \u00a0d\u00e9termina que le troisi\u00e8me intervalle devait \u00eatre l&#8217;unisson fa#3-fa#3 *). Or, l&#8217;unisson &#8211;\u00a0un intervalle qui peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme &#8220;nul&#8221;-\u00a0n&#8217;entrait pas dans les pr\u00e9visions de John Cage. Il voulut donc faire l&#8217;impasse sur ce r\u00e9sultat \u00a0et simplement ne pas tenir compte de l&#8217;unisson qu&#8217;il consid\u00e9rait comme inutilisable.<\/p>\n<p>Pour ma part, je tombai imm\u00e9diatement sous le charme de cet unisson inattendu, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par le hasard. Durant les jours qui suivirent, je pus convaincre \u00a0John Cage en lui d\u00e9montrant sur mon violoncelle vingt fa#3 diff\u00e9rents que je pouvais ex\u00e9cuter \u00e0 plusieurs voix (figg. 2 et 3). Cette multiplicit\u00e9 \u00e9tait rendue possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&#8217;archet courbe, avec lequel il est possible de faire \u00a0r\u00e9sonner jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 quatre cordes simultan\u00e9ment, et aussi gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi syst\u00e9matique des sons harmoniques, pour lesquels j&#8217;avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9labor\u00e9 toute une s\u00e9rie de nouvelles techniques ex\u00e9cutives **).<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&#8217;\u00e9coute \u00a0de ces vingt diff\u00e9rents fa#3, de subtiles nuances de timbre et de hauteur apparaissent. Ainsi, l&#8217;utilisation des sons harmoniques implique, par d\u00e9finition, une intelligence microtonale des hauteurs de son et l&#8217;abandon du temp\u00e9rament \u00e9gal. Chacun des sons constituant l&#8217;unisson &#8211;\u00a0et cela est particuli\u00e8rement clair dans le cas de sons harmoniques &#8211;\u00a0est issu de son propre diapason de d\u00e9part. Par exemple, le fa#3 peut correspondre \u00e0 l&#8217;harmonique 2 de fa#2; il peut \u00eatre aussi l&#8217;harmonique 3 de si1, l&#8217;harmonique 4 de fa#1, ou encore l&#8217;harmonique 5 de r\u00e91. De fa\u00e7on inattendue, il se d\u00e9veloppe \u00e0 partir de l&#8217;unisson un son multiple et complexe qui augmente en complexit\u00e9 \u00e0 mesure que la d\u00e9rivation de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments devient plus lointaine.<\/p>\n<p>Cette interpr\u00e9tation inhabituelle du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de l&#8217;unisson &#8211;\u00a0qui remet en question l&#8217;identit\u00e9 m\u00eame des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs de cet intervalle &#8220;z\u00e9ro&#8221; &#8211;\u00a0correspond d&#8217;une certaine fa\u00e7on \u00e0 \u00a0l&#8217;interrogation traditionelle du jardin de pierre Ryoan-ji de Kyoto: pourquoi &#8220;une&#8221; des quinze pierres demeure-t-elle invisible \u00e0 l&#8217;oeil humain, quel que soit la place occup\u00e9e par l&#8217;observateur sur la tribune? L&#8217;\u00e9nigme de la pierre du Ryoan-ji, \u00a0invisible mais pr\u00e9sente, est porteuse du message que perception sensorielle et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ne co\u00efncident pas, que l&#8217;appr\u00e9hension de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ne r\u00e9ussit que de fa\u00e7on partielle et imparfaite. Une premi\u00e8re r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la question \u00a0du Ryoan-ji est \u00e9videmment la &#8220;quatri\u00e8me dimension&#8221;, le temps. En effet, pour pouvoir voir toutes les pierres, l&#8217;observateur doit n\u00e9cessairement avoir occup\u00e9 plusieurs postes d&#8217;observation. La r\u00e9ponse pourrait donc \u00eatre aussi le &#8220;mouvement&#8221;, \u00a0ce qui, paradoxalement, n&#8217;est gu\u00e8re sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 par la rigide composition min\u00e9rale du champ de pierre.<\/p>\n<p>Quelque chose de similaire se produit dans\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>. Dans l&#8217;unisson, les \u00a0notes se superposent et se dissimulent l&#8217;une l&#8217;autre. Le fait qu&#8217;en apparence une seule note r\u00e9sonne sugg\u00e8re une exp\u00e9rience d&#8217;\u00e9coute statique. L&#8217;insistance quasi obsessionnelle sur une note pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e invariable ouvre la porte sur de nouvelles \u00a0d\u00e9couvertes. Il s&#8217;agit en fait de se lib\u00e9rer mentalement de cette note afin de devenir conscients des mouvements qui se produisent \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de l&#8217;unisson.<\/p>\n<p>Mon dessin\u00a0<em>18-7-92 (Esquisses pour Ryoanji)<\/em>\u00a0constitue le lien d\u00e9cisif \u00a0entre\u00a0<em>RYOANJI<\/em>\u00a0et\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>. Cette esquisse, dont le titre correspond \u00e0 sa date de cr\u00e9ation (fig.1), repr\u00e9sente exactement,\u00a0<em>in statu nascendi<\/em>, le moment de changement de \u00a0l&#8217;orientation th\u00e9matique vers l&#8217;unisson. L&#8217;unisson fa#3 est en fait le point essentiel de\u00a0<em>18-7-92<\/em>\u00a0, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la perception visuelle de l&#8217;oeuvre se change en perception acoustique. La superposition visuelle des deux fa#3 (les deux notes devraient \u00a0en principe figurer l&#8217;une \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l&#8217;autre) correspond aussi \u00e0 un chevauchement acoustique et, de ce fait, le terme d&#8217;<em>interp\u00e9n\u00e9tration<\/em>\u00a0serait plus descriptif. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les ondes sonores des notes jou\u00e9es simultan\u00e9ment \u00a0ne se masquent pas l&#8217;une l&#8217;autre, elles interf\u00e8rent l&#8217;une avec l&#8217;autre et, ce faisant, un fa#3 reste toujours \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l&#8217;autre. Cette compr\u00e9hension, qui repose sur une \u00e9coute int\u00e9rioris\u00e9e et exploratrice du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, mena \u00a0directement \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9laboration des variantes d&#8217;unisson pour le violoncelle, \u00e0 savoir les vingt diff\u00e9rents fa#3.<\/p>\n<p>Dans\u00a0<em>ONE 13\u00a0<\/em>cette compr\u00e9hension nouvelle de l&#8217;unisson fa#3 est appliqu\u00e9 \u00e9galement \u00e0 d&#8217;autre notes. Le 20 juillet 1992, John Cage me dit que la th\u00e9matique de l&#8217;unisson commen\u00e7ait \u00e0 le fasciner et qu&#8217;il d\u00e9sirait l&#8217;\u00e9tendre \u00e0 d&#8217;autres notes, en pr\u00e9cisant: &#8220;&#8230;and this will be\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>&#8221; ***).<\/p>\n<p>Les circonstances que j&#8217;ai \u00e9voqu\u00e9es en partie ici me paraissent constituer des motifs suffisants d&#8217;accepter la proposition de The John Cage Trust et de la C.F. Peters Corporation New York de publier\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0sous nos deux noms r\u00e9unis. Je remercie tout particuli\u00e8rement Merce Cunningham de m&#8217;avoir envoy\u00e9 des copies des pages manuscrites de John Cage concernant\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>. Merci aussi \u00e0 Don Gillespie qui, depuis la disparition de John Cage, n&#8217;a jamais perdu de vue le projet de publier\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0sous la pr\u00e9sente forme.<\/p>\n<p>Traduction: Dr. Philippe Borer<\/p>\n<p>*) Dans le syst\u00e8me de rep\u00e9rage des hauteurs en usage en France, le do de la corde grave du violoncelle re\u00e7oit l&#8217;indice 1 (do1). Le fa#3 se trouve donc une tierce mineure au-dessous du LA de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, fix\u00e9 \u00a0\u00e0 440 Hz (la3). Par contre,dans le syst\u00e8me adopt\u00e9 dans les pays germaniques (notation Helmholtz) le fa#3 s&#8217;\u00e9crit &#8220;fis1&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>**) Michael Bach,\u00a0<em>Fingerboards &amp; Overtones<\/em>, M\u00fcnich 1991.<\/p>\n<p>***) &#8220;&#8230;et cela deviendra\u00a0<em>ONE 13<\/em>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-909\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/Skizzenheft-1992-ONE13--220x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"698\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/Skizzenheft-1992-ONE13--220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/Skizzenheft-1992-ONE13-.jpg 618w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Michael Bach Bachtischa, ONE13 (Skizzenheft, New York City 1992)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Michael Bach Bachtischa RYOANJI\u00a0and\u00a0ONE13 The five individual compositions of the 1980s\u00a0RYOANJI\u00a0series for voice, oboe, flute, trombone and double bass by John Cage have eight different intervals as pitch spaces, within which glissando lines are performed. In\u00a0ONE 13\u00a0for cello and curved bow only eight pitches follow each other: f#&#8217;, g&#8221;, g&#8221;, f&#8221;, d&#8217;, d&#8221;, a&#8217;, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":278,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allgemein"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>John Cage und Michael Bach Bachtischa, ONE13 for Cello and Prerecorded Media (1992) the cello upgrade<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&nbsp; Michael Bach Bachtischa RYOANJI\u00a0and\u00a0ONE13 The five individual compositions of the 1980s\u00a0RYOANJI\u00a0series for voice, oboe, flute, trombone and double | Explore insights, compositions, and developments in solo violin and cello music at the cello upgrade.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-bogen.de\/blog\/thecelloupgrade\/john-cage-und-michael-bach-bachtischa-one13-for-cello-and-prerecorded-media-1992\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"John Cage und Michael Bach Bachtischa, ONE13 for Cello and Prerecorded Media (1992) the cello upgrade\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; 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